Transits & Theodolites

Transits & Theodolites

Both transits and theodolites are used in surveying to measure angles using a flip-over telescope that facilitates doubling of angles and easy back-sighting. These are vital features capable of reducing errors and reading direct angles to thirty arc-seconds. Theodolites measure both vertical and horizontal angles used in triangular networks, while transits use vernier scales and external metal circles for angular readings.

Theodolites are categorized into two main types:

• Non-digital theodolites - These types were the pioneers and have given way to the generation of digital equipment
• Digital theodolites - These are constructed using a telescope mounted on a firm base enforced with a screen that outputs horizontal and vertical angles.

What are the different parts of a theodolite and transits?

The theodolite is a leveling instrument that consists of:

• Telescope mounted on firm a base
• Sight placed on top of the telescope and used in target alignment
• Focusing knob used to make objects clear
• Eyepiece that the user looks through to see the target in the field of view
• Objective lens placed on the opposite end of the eyepiece, used to magnify the object being viewed
• Mirrors used to focus light on the area being viewed
• Threaded base mounted on a tripod

A surveyor or other user must provide proper care and maintenance services to ensure performance, accurate results, and less wear and tear on the tool. A few of the steps for proper care include:

• The tool is distanced from water and any chemicals.
• The instrument is always hoisted and never dropped.
• Theodolites are well-secured in their cases during transportation.
• Cover instruments should be used whenever it is raining or water is involved.
• If possible, wooden tripods are used to ensure better cushion from vibrations.
• The sunshade is always used since any sudden temperature spikes may lead to incorrect reading.
• Dust is avoided since it negatively impacts the device.
• The device is always stored in a vertical position.

Theodolites and transits are leveling devices that offer the particular benefits of:

• An internal optical magnifying system guarantees greater accuracy.
• Electronic readings and output of results are provided.
• The device can instantly zero horizontal circles or set them to other values.
• The horizontal readings of a circle can be taken from either to the right or left of zero.
• Only one reading is needed; repeating the measurement procedure is unnecessary.