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Item: i105887
Authentic Coin of:
Czech Republic - Czechoslovakia
600th Anniversary of foundation ofCharles University
1948 Silver 100 Korun 30mm (13.80 grams)0.500 Silver (0.2251 oz. ASW)
Reference: KM# 33, Schön# 38 |Engraver: Otakar Španiel
Certification: NGC MS 62 2863161-007
REPUBLIKA ČESKOSLOVENSKÁ1948, Coat-of-arms of Czechoslovakia.
ŠEST SET LET UNIVERSITY KARLOVY1348 100, Emperor Charles IV kneeling before Duke Wenceslas, shields atleft.You are offerding on theexact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity andLifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
CharlesUniversity, known also as Charles University in Prague (Czech: Univerzita Karlova (UK);Latin: Universitas Carolina;German: Karls-Universität) orhistorically as the University of Prague(Latin: Universitas Pragensis),is the oldest and largest university in theCzech Republic. is one of the oldestuniversities in Europe in continuous operation.the university consists of 17 faculties locatedin Prague, Hradec Králové, and Pilsen. TheCharles University belongs to top threeuniversities in Central and Eastern Europe. Itis ranked around 200-300 in the world.
Theestablishment of a medieval university in Praguewas inspired by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.asked his friend and ally, Pope Clement VI, todo so. On 26 January 1347 the pope issued thebull establishing a university in Prague,modeled on the University of Paris, with thefull (4) number of faculties, that is includinga theological faculty. On 7 April 1348 Charles,the king of Bohemia, gave to the establisheduniversity privileges and immunities from thesecular power in a Golden Bull on 14 January1349 he repeated that as the King of the Romans.Most Czech sources since the 19thcentury—encyclopedias, general histories,materials of the University itself—prefer togive 1348 as the year of the founding of theuniversity, rather than 1347 or 1349. This wascaused by an anticlerical shift in the 19thcentury, shared by both Czechs and Germans.
The university was opened in 1349. The university was sectioned intoparts called nations: the Bohemian, Bavarian, Polish and Saxon.The Bohemian natio included Bohemians, Moravians, southernSlavs, and Hungarians; the Bavarian included Austrians, Swabians,natives of Franconia and of the Rhine provinces; the Polish includedSilesians, Poles, Ruthenians; the Saxon included inhabitants of theMargravate of Meissen, Thuringia, Upper and Lower Saxony, Denmark, andSweden. Czech students made 16–20% of all students. Arnošt of Pardubicetook an active part in the foundation by obliging the clergy tocontribute and became a chancellor of the university (i.e., director ormanager).
The first graduate was promoted in 1359. The lectureswere held in the colleges, of which the oldest was named for the kingthe Carolinum, established in 1366. In 1372 the Faculty of Lawbecame an independent university. In 1402 Jerome of Prague in Oxfordcopied out the Dialogus and Trialogus of JohnWycliffe. The dean of the philosophical faculty, Jan Hus, translated Trialogus into the Czech language. In 1403 the university forbadeits members to follow the teachings of Wycliffe, but his doctrinecontinued to gain in popularity.
In the Western Schism, theBohemian natio took the side of king Wenceslaus and supportedthe Council of Pisa (1409). The other nationes of theuniversity declared their support for the side of Pope Gregory XII, thusthe vote was 1:3 against the Bohemians. Hus and other Bohemians, though,took advantage of Wenceslaus\' opposition to Gregory. By the Decree ofKutná Hora (German: Kuttenberg) on 18 January 1409,the king subverted the university constitution by granting the Bohemianmasters three votes. Only a single vote was left for all other three nationes combined, compared to one vote per each natiobefore. The result of this coup was the emigration of foreign(mostly German) professors and students, founding the University ofLeipzig in May 1409. Before that, in 1408, the university had about 200doctors and magisters, 500 bachelors, and 30,000 students ; it now losta large part of this number, accounts of the loss varying from 5000 to20,000 including 46 professors. the autumn of 1409, Hus was electedrector of the now Czech-dominated rump university.
Thus, thePrague university lost the largest part of its students and faculty.From then on the university declined to a merely regional institutionwith a very low status. in 1419, the faculties of theology and lawdisappeared, and only the faculty of arts remained in Czech Republic also known by its short-form name, Czechia, isa landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west,Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres(30,450sqmi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanicclimate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with 10.6millioninhabitants; its capital and largest city is Prague, with 1.3millionresidents. Other major cities are Brno, Ostrava, Olomouc and Pilsen. TheCzech Republic is a member of the European Union (EU), NATO, the OECD,the United Nations, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe.
It is adeveloped country with an advanced, high income export-oriented socialmarket economy based in services, manufacturing and innovation. The UNDPranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development. TheCzech Republic is a welfare state with a \"continental\" European socialmodel, a universal health care system, tuition-free university educationand is ranked 14th in the Human Capital Index. It ranks as the 6thsafest or most peaceful country and is one of the most non-religiouscountries in the world, while achieving strong performance in democraticgovernance.
